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COUNT JANOS ESTERHAZY |
(9) Safarik, Pavel Joseph, Slowische Aithertumer. II.9.496
(10) Bohm, Jaroslav, et.al, La Grande Mora vie. Prague: Czeclioslovak Academy
of Science, 1963, p.31.
(11) Dvornik, Francis, The Making of Central and Eastern Europe. London:
Polish Research Center, 1919. p.293.
(12) Thus. for example, at a 1980 conference on ancient history, arranged by
the
Hungarian Academy of Science in Budapest, as well as at other forums, Dr.
Peter
Puspoki.Nagy has sharply criticized the Czechosjovak statements regarding
Svatopluk's empire. He presented his theory. supported by scholarly
documentation.
which refuted the various views about Svatopluk's empire and the theories of
Great
Moravian-Slovak continuity.
See also: Puspoki-Nagy, Peter, On The Location Of Great Moravia; A
Reassessment. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Duquesne University. Department of History.
1982. and by the same author: A tenyek erejevel. New York: Puski, 1985.
(13) Archbishop Peter Pazmany, founder of the University of Nagyszombat
(Trnava), leader of the Jesuit Counter-Reformation in Hungary.
(14) General Joseph Haynau was commanding general of the Austrian Third Army
which was sent to Hungary to bring her under martial rule in 1849. Subsequently
the Austrian government appointed him military governor of Hungary. His
military courts prosecuted the Hungarian and Austrian officers who took part in
the Hungarian uprising against the Austrian rule. The punishment meted out by
Haynau's courts was so cruel that England, France and even Russia exerted
pressure on Austria to moderate the policy of reprisal.
(15) Borsody, Istvan, Magyar-slovak kiegyezes. Budapest: Officina (1945?),
p.44.
81
(16) idem pp. 44-45.
(17) Kirschbaum, Joseph M.An Outline Of Slovakia's Struggle For Independence.
Toronto: Canadian Slovak League, 1964.
(18) Kirkconnell. Watson, Canada, Europe and Hitler. Oxford University Press:
1939. p.43.
(19) Masaryk, Thomas G., The Lectures of T.G. Masaryk At The University Of
Chicago, Summer 1902. London.
(20) Lias, Godfrey. Benes of Czechoslovakia. London: George Allen & Unwin
Ltd. (1940) pp.73-74.
(21) Rumpler. Helmut, Das Volkermanifest Kaiser Karls vom 16. Oktober
1918: letzter Versuch zur Rettung des Habsburgerreiches. Wien: Verlag fur
Geschichte and Politik. 1966. p.96.
(22) House, Colonel Edward Mandell, Papers, 1891-1938. Yale University
Library.
Recent research results show that until the end of May. 1918, President Wilson
not only declined to support the independence movements of the various
nationalities and the dismemberment of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, but he
was in fact leaning toward the recommendations of a Commission of Inquiry he
had appointed. His Fourteen Points were drafted with the assistance of this
Commission, but without any participation of the Department of State. Plans for
the federalization of Austria-Hungary, proposed by Charles Seymour. a member of
the U.S. peace delegation, reflected Wilson's conceptions.
Seymour's plan called for a federation of six constituent states: Austria,
Hungary (including a self-governing Slovakia), Bohemia, Transylvania.
Yugoslavia and Poland-Ruthenia (Subcarpathian Ruthenia). A map accompanying
this plan, along with an explanatory note. were signed by Seymour on May
23,1918.
Recent research also shows that Wilson ignored the agreement reached at a
conference in Rome in March 1918 by representatives of the "oppressed nations"
within the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. According to Benes. "There was no longer
any doubt that Wilson was not in favor of the dissolution of the Monarchy: that
his plan for the liberation of the peoples of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy did
not call for the establishment of independent states. Rather, he was in favor
of self government or some sort of a confederation."
Austro-Hungarian Emperor/King Charles' secret correspondence with Prince Sixtus
of Parma, disclosed by Clemenceau in May 1918. showed that the monarch was
ready to conclude a separate peace with the Entente powers.
Disclosure of the secret correspondence put an end to negotiations with the
82
United States. Secretary of State Lansing who was in favor of the dismemberment
of the Monarchy swung into action. "I have hesitated thus far to raise the
question of Czech, Ruthenian and South Slav independence because the President
wanted to maintain the inviolability of dual Monarchy. I believe. however, that
the President must abandon this principle. Lansing wrote.
The decision by England and France in favor of the dismemberment. pressure by
Clemenceau and Lloyd George. as well as U.S.domestic politics finally persuaded
Wilson to change his position and agree to a whole series of concessions in
Paris. (Adam, Magda. "Egy amerikai terv Kozep-Furoparol, 1918". Historia,
IX. evf. 4. sz. 1987.)
(23) Kovtun, George I., The C:zchoslovak Declaration Of Independence. A
History Of The Document. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1985.
p.21.
(24) ibid
(25) ibid
(26) Novak, Karl, The Collapse of Central Europe. Westport, Conn.:
Greenwood Press (1970) p.62.
(27) Rumpler op.cit. pp.348-349.
(28) Lansing. Robert, Papers, 1890-1933. Washington. D.C.: Library of
Congress. Manuscript Division.
(29) Medvecky, Karol A., Slovensky prevrat. III. Trnava: 1930-1931.
p.347.
(30) Dukes, Frantisek. Dejiny Sfot.enska a Slovokov. Bratislava, 1946.
p.39.
(31) ibid pp.368-369.
(32) ibid
(33) Bogdan. Kriaman, "The Belgrade Armistice Of November 1918." Slavonic And
East European Review. LXVIII. No.110,1970. pp.67-87.
(34) Perman, Dagmar. The Shaping Of The Czechoslovak State. Leiden: Brill,
1962. p.78.
(35) Kramar. Karel, Reci a projery. Prague: 1935. pp.22-26.
83
(36) Hodza, Milan, Federation In Central Europe. London, 1942.
(37) Orszagos Torvenytar. 1919. Budapest. p. 175.
(38) Durcansky, Ferdinand, Pohl'ad na slovensku politicku minulost. Bratislava,
1943. p.266. cited in Borsody. lstvan, Magyar-Szlovak kiegyezes. A
csehszlovak-magyar viszony utolso szaz eve. Budapest: Officina (1945?).
(39) Franchet d'Esperey to Clemenceau and Foch, March 10, 1919. Ministere des
Affaires Etrangeres. Correspondence des Affaires Politiques, Roumanie.
(40) Franchet d'Esperey to Barthelot, March 19, 1919. Ministere de la Guerre.
Etat
Major de l'Armee. Archives historiques. Campagne Contre Allemagne (1914-1918)
27N 89.
(41) Papers Relating To The Foreign Relations Of The United States, Paris
Peace Conference, 1919. (Washington, D.C.: 1942-1947) (Hereafter FRUS PPC)
XII. 411-416.
(42) ibid
(43) Deak, Ferenc, Hungary At The Paris Peace Conference; The Diplomatic
History Of The Treaty Of Trianon. New York: 1942. pp.409-410.
(44) FRUS PPC 6:284ff 351-52,399.411-16.
(45) ibid 4:811.
(46) ibid 9:872-84.
(47) Documents On British Foreign Policy 1919~z939 (Hereafter OBFP) Series III.
London, 1949-1952.7:284, 384.387-89.
(48) FRUS PPC 3:105-6. See additional citations in Part II.
(49) Jelinek, Yeshayau. "The Treaty of Trianon and Czechoslovakia:
Reflections."
War and Society in East Central Europe. v. VI. New York: Columbia University
Press, 1982. p.442.
(50) Durcansky op.cit.p.148.
(51) Thomson. S. Harrison, Czechoslovakia In European History. 2nd ed.
Princeton: 1953. pp.313-15.
84
(52) Cited in Bonsal, Stephen, Suitors And Supplicants. The Little Nations At
Versailles. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, Inc., 1946
(53) ibid
(54) Arato, Endre, Tanulmanyok a szlovakiai magyarok eletebol, 1918-1975.
Budapest: Magveto Konyvkiado, 1977. p.23.
(55) Kirschbaum, Joseph M.. op.cit. p.7.
(56) Arato, Endre, A magyar-csehszlovak viszony otven eve. Torteneti
attekintes. Budapest: Kossuth Konyvkiado, 1969. pp.35-36.
(57) idcm
(58) Keller, Hans, "Die kurze Jahren der Slowakischen Republik, 1939-1945."
Geschichte, historisches Magazin (St.Gallen, Schweiz) Marz/April 1985,
No..69.
(59) Arato, Endre, A magyar-csehszlovak viszony. op.cit. p.42.
(60) Wojatsek, Charles, From Trianon To The First Vienna Arbitral Award.
Montreal: Institute of Comparative Civilizations, 1980. pp.59-62.
(61) Baumgartcn, Vladimir, "Federalism Vs. The Policies Of Opportunism; The
Career of Milan Hodza". The Central European Forum, Astor. Florida: Danubian
Press, Inc. v.1, no.1, Spring 1988.
(62) Hoensch, Jorg. Der Ungarische Revisionismus und die Zerschlagen der
Tschechoslovakei. Tubingen: J.C.R.Mohr, 1967. p.19.
(63) Szvatko, Pal, "A csehszlovak-szudetanemet kiegyezes kiserlete." Magyar
Szemle III. May 1937, No.71.
(64) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. January 10,1938.
(65) Prager Montagsblatt. February 25.1938.
(66) Venkov. January 1.1938.
(67) Documents or German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945. (Hereafter DGFP) Series D.
11.124-125.
85
(68) Hoensch op.cit. p.63.
(69) Slovak. February 27, 1938
(70) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. April 8.1938.
(71) Affari Esteri. No.3193R and 2813R.
(72) Roos Hans. "Polen und Europa. Studien zur Polnische Aussenpolitik.
1931-1939." Tubinger Studien zu Geschichte.Tubingen. 1957.
(73) Public Record Office. Foreign Office (Hereafter PRO FO). 371/21578.
(74) PRO FO. 341/21426.194
(75) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. August 6.10,1938.
(76) Little Entente, a Post-World War One political and military alliance
between Czechoslovakia. Rumania and Yugoslavia.
(77) Adam. Magda, "A muncheni cgyezmeny letrejotte es Magyarorszag
kulpolitikaja.
1936-1938." Diplomaciai iratok Magyarorszag kulpolitikajahoz. 1936-1945 II.
Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 1965. No.275. 288a. 294, 298. 301a. 301b. 305.
(78) Pritz. Paul. "A kieli talalkozo: forraskritikai tanulmany." Szazadok.
1974. p.650.
(79) Kallay. Nicholas, Hungarian Premier. A personal account of a nation's
struggle in the Second World War. New York: 1954. p.53.
(80) Horthy. Nicholas von. Ein Leben fur Ungarn. Bonn: 1953. pp.162-163
(81) Affari Esteri. No.12332/S.
(82) Hoensch op.cit. p.181.
(83) Adam. Magda. op.cit. No.318.
(84) PRO FO. 800/306.58.
86
(85) Slovak. September 11.1938
(86) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. September 18, 1938.
(87) PRO FO, 341/21438,186 and 341/21482,115,240.
(88) Akten zur Deutschen Auswartigen Politik, 1914-1945 (Hereafter ADAP). Serie
D. 11.448 and Popolo d'Italia. September 15.1938.
(89) As quoted in the Polish newspaper, Gazetta Polska. September 23, 1938.
(90) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. September 17,1938.
(91) Adam, Magda op.cit. No.309
(92) ibid No.361; ADAP. 11.506: Allianz Hitler-Horthy-Mussolini. ed. Lajos
Kerekes, Budapest: 1965. p.34.
(93) Adam, Magda op.cit No.425.
(94) ibid No.378, 379.
(95) ibid No.306.373,375; ADAP. 11.554,555; ADAP. V.272.
(96) Adam. Magda op.cit No.368, 373,375; ADAP. 11.554.555
(97) Hoensch op.cit. p.91.
(98) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. September 23, 1938.
(99) ibid September 29,1938.
(100) Adam, Magda op.cit. No.388.403.
(101) ibid No.460.
(102) DGFP. D. 11.1016.
(103) Durcansky, Ferdinand, "Mit Tiso bei Hitler." Politischen Studien. 7.1956,
No. 80. p.2. and Hocnsch opeit. p.136.
(104) Hoensch op.cit. p.138
87
(105) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. October 15.1938.
(106) Chaszar, Edward, Decision in Vienna, The Czechoslovak-Hungarian Border
Dispute. Astor, Florida: Danubian Press, 1978. p.39.
(107) Affari Esteri. No.5519 October 16.1938.
(108) ADAP. IV. 65.
(109) ibid IV. S.63.Anm.2.
(110) ADAP. IV. 72.
(111) Ciano Diary. October 14.1938.
(112) Affari Esteri. N0.12332/PR/C. October21. 1938.
(113) ibid October22, 1938.
(114) Ciano Diary. October22. 1938.
(115) Adam. Magda. op.cit. No.585.
(116) ibid No.586 and 589.
(117) ibid No.592.
(118) ibid No.598 and 604.
(119) Affari Esteri. No.5519, October 28.1938.
(120) Hoensch op.cit. p.176
(121) Ciano Diary. October28. 1938.
(122) ibid
(123) Hoensch op.cit. p.l73
(124) ibid
(125) ADAP. [V.98 and DBFP. 111.240.
88
(126) Adam, Magda op.cit. No.598.
(127) ibid No.609.
(128) ibid No.607.
(129) Hoensch op.cit. p.186.
(130) Slovak. October 31. 1938.
(131) Hoensch op.cit. p.181.
(132) ibid
(133) ibid p.182, quoting from the notes of Paul Otto. an interpreter at the
meeting~