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COUNT JANOS ESTERHAZY |
(l59) Kuruc was the name given to Hungarian nationalists fighting the Austrian Hapsburg rule. Hungarians who became loyal to the Hapsburgs were called labanc.
(160) lnformation about the origins of Janos Etterhazy was taken from the
following sourcesz
Kemeny, Lajos, "Az Esterhazyak Pozsonyban." A Toldy Kor 1943-as Evkonyve.
1943.
Editorial in U Hirek. Forsony. March 14,194].
Gotaiseher Geneologisches Taschenbuch der Graflichen Hauser, 1931.
pp.148-158.
(161) Speech by Janos Esterhazy at Otatrafured on December 14.1942, when he was
greeted with great enthusiasm by the Hungarians of Slovakia on the tenth
anniversary of his election, in the same town, to the presidency of the
National Christian Socialist Party. Magyar Hirlap. December 15.1942.
(162) Arato. Endre, Tanulmanyok a szlovakiai magyarok eletebol, 1918-1975.
Budapest: Magveto Konyvkiado. 1977. p.29.
(163) Olvedi. Janos, Napfogyatkozas; magyarok Szlovakiaban. New York: Puski,
1985. p.38.
(164) Borsody, lstvan, "Masaryk es az uj Europa, Egy felvideki magyar emlekei."
Uj Latohatar. v.XXXIX. No.1, March25, 1988, pp.21-22.
(165) Bibo, lstvan, Valogatott tanulmanyok. v.t., 1935-1944. Budapest:
Magyveto Konyvkiado. 1986. pp.508-509.
(l66) Archives Diplomatiques, Paris, Europe 1918-1929, Hongrie. v.59.
pp.181-192.
(167) PDR FRH II. Doc.no. 221,224,529, cited in Szarka, Laszlo:
"Kisebbsegvedelem, reciprocitas. revizio. Megegyezesi kiserletek a nemzetisegi
kerdes teren." in Hungaro-Bohemislovaca 2. Budapest: 1988. pp. 49-SO.
267
(168) ibid p.53.
(169) Masaryk. in his talks with Jozsef Szent-Ivany, confirmed his readiness to
give up the territories inhabited by Hungarians, under certain conditions.
First among these was construction of an East-West railroad line. (Magyarorszag
a parizsi konferencian, Hungarian Foreign Ministry. 1947. v.4, p.163.)
Also. a very interesting statement Masaryk made early 1923 before Dr. Ede
Palyi. a Hungarian journalist. to the effect that "originally it was not our
intention to take away from Hungary territories with a Hungarian majority... I
am prepared to announce that negotiations may be held to return such
territories under appropriate conditions." (Dr. Palyi. Ede. Mikep szereztem en
meg a csehek ajanlatait, az elszakitot magyarok bekes visszaadasara. Budapest:
1927. pp.19-27)
Igor llrusovsky. a Slovak member of the Czechoslovak parliament also spoke with
Palyi on behalf of Masaryk and sketched a map of the territories which might be
returned. This map has been reproduced in Dr. Palyi's book.
Masaryk also told F.Rainiss, the Prague director of the Hungarian State
Insurance Company: "I am prepared, even today, to negotiate about peaceful
revision." (Magyarorszag a parizsi konferencian. op.cit. p.168.)
Mihaly Karolyi wrote in his memoirs: "A truly liberal democrat did not approve
the detachment of purely Hungarian territories without the consent of the
population." (Karolyi. Mihaly. Faith without Illusion. New York: 1957. p.171.)
(170) Raschhofer. Hermann. ed.. Die Tschechoslovakische Denkschriften fur die
Friedenskonferenz von Paris, 1919/1920. Berlin: 1938. p.185.
(171) Buza. Laszlo, The Legal Status of National Minorities According to the
Peace Treaties and Other International Agreements. Budapest: 1930.
(172) Olvedi. Janos, A magyar kisebhseg Csehszlovakiaban. p.280.
(173) Turczel. Lajos. "A kisebbsegi helyzet kialakulasanak korulmenyei
Csehszlovakiaban 1918 utan." Irodalmi Szemle. 1966.3.
(174) Kovacs. Endre. Korszak valtas. Budapest: Magveto Konyvkiado. 1981.
p.366.
(175) Arato. Endre, Tanulmanyok a szlovakiai magyarok tortenetebol, 1918-1975.
Budapest: Magveto Konyvkiado, pp.87-89.
(176) Olvedi. janos. Napfogyatkozas. op.cit. pp.41-42.
268
(177) Szilassy. Bela, "A felvideki magyarsag elete a ket vilaghahoru kozott."
Elszakitott magyarsag. Buenos Aires 1956. p.16.
(178) '48 refers to the March 15.1848 revolution in Hungary.
(179) Regarding the formation and activities of the Hungarian parties in
Slovakia, see SiIassy, Bela, op.cit.; Sirchich, Laszlo: A Felvidek az ezereves
magyar allamtestben, magyarok Csehszlovakiaban. Tanulmanyok. Cleveland,
1979.:
Arato, Endre: Tanulmanyok a szlovakiai magyarok tortenetebol, op.clt.,
Szvatko, Pal: A visszatert magyarok. A felvideki magyarsag husz eve. Budapesi.
1938.,
Merci, Gyula: A magyar polgari partok programmjai 1867-1918. Budapest, 1971.;
Darvas, Janos, "Politikai eletunk husz eve. Magyarok Csehszlovakiaban. Az
orszag utja. Budapest. June 1938.
(18O) Pragat Magyar Hirlap. November 29, 1932.
(181) ibid December 16, 1932.
(182) ibid December29, 1932.
(183) ibid January 1.1933.
(184) ibid June 29, 1933.
(185) ibid July 15.16.1933.
(186) Hirado. September 28, October 5,1933.
(187) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. December 24, 1933.
(188) Hirado. December24, 1933
(189) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. March 17, May 3.1934.
(190) ibid May 23, 1934.
(191) ibid June 20,27, July 11. October 4,1934
(192) ibid October 21.1934.
(193) ibid October 25, 1934.
269
(194) Hirado. Dcember 25.1934.
(195) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. 1'c1) ruary 10.12. March 6.13.28. April 4.1935.
(196) ibid. April 27. 1935.
(197) ibid June 27. 1935 and Hirado 27. 1935.
(198) ibid scptcmber 22. No' cinl) cr 15.29.1935.
(199) ibid November 30. 1935.
(200) Nittner. Ernest: Documente zur Sudetendeutche Frage. p. 128.
(201) Wojatsek. Charles. op.cit. ref. to. Culen Konstantin: "Po Svatopluki
druha nasa hlava" (Zivot, Dr. Josefa Tisu) Middletown JEDNOTA. 1947.
169-170.
(202) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. December 6.1935.
(203) Adam. Magda. Magyarorszag es a Kisantant a harmincas evekben. Budapest;
Akademia Kiado. 1968. p.83
(204) Orslagos Leveltar. Kum.res.P0L. 1935.-7-228 and 1936-171896. cited in
Adam, Magda. Magyororszag es a kisantant. op.cit.. p.108.
(205) Adam. Magda. A muncheni egyezmeny. op.cit. No.10.
(206) ibid No.11.
(207) ibid No.3.
(208) ibid No.9 and 23.
(209) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. January 14.1936.
(210) ibid February 20.1936.
(211) ibid February 29.1936.
(212) ibid March 26.1936.
(213) ibid April 23.1936.
270
(214) Hirado. May 5.1936.
(215) ibid June 23. 1936.
(216) Nittner op.cit. p.148.
(217) Orszagos Leveltar, Horthy kabinetirodajanak anyaga. B.1.7. in Horthy
Miklos titkos iratai. comp. Miklos Szinai, Budapest: 1962. Doe.No.32.
pp.157-167.
(218) Adam, Magda.A muncheni egyezmeny. op.cit. No.30.
(219) Battle of Mohacs in 1526, a devastating defeat of the Hungarian army by
the Ottoman Turks, followed by 150 years of Turkish occupation.
(220) ibid No.32.
(221) Hirado. September 30.1936.
(222) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. September 3.1936.
(223) Hirado. October 9,1936.
(224) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. October 16.1936.
(225) Hirado. November 5.1936.
(226) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. November 12 and 15.1936.
(227) ibid December 3.1936.
(228) ibid December 15.1936.
(229) ibid December 20.1936.
(230) Adam, Magda.A muncheni egyezmeny. opeit. No.54
(231) ibid No.82.
(232) Orszagos Leveltar. Kum.pol.1938 7/7-541 and 7/7541(1920) .
(233) ibid Kum.res.pol. 1938-49-483.
271
(234) ibid Kum.res.pol. 1938-49-486.
(235) ibid Kum.res.pol. 1938-49-485.
(236) Adam. Magda. Magyarorszag es a kisantant. op.cit. p.165.
(237) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. January 30. February 17.19. June 5.16.20.22.
October 6.16. November 11.1937.
(238) Adam. Magda. A muncheni egyezmeny. op.cit. No.95.
(239) ibid No.96.
(240) ibid No.98.
(241) ibid No.99.
(242) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. November 18.1937.
(243) Pragai Magyarr Hirlap. Novembcr 18.1937.
(244) Orszagos Leveltar. Kum.ret.poI. 1938-17-154.
(245) Adam. Magda. A muncheni egyezmeny. op.cit. No.104.
(246) ibid No.124.
(247) Gehl, Jurgen. Austria, Germany and the Anschluss, 1931-1938. London:
Oxford University Press. 1963. pp.191-195.
(248) Rich, Norman. Hitler's War Aims. New York: Norton. 1970.v.1, pp.l80-187
(249) Macartney. C.A.. October Fifteenth: A History of Modern Hungary,
1929-1945.2nd ed. Edinburgh: University Press. 1961.v.1. p.109.
Among the political efforts to ease the tension between Hungary and the little
Entente. we should note an early March. 1938. visit by Gusztav Gratz to Prague.
The Hungarian diplomat's visit. which took place just before the Anschluss, was
regarded by many as having a semi-official character. He met President Benes,
Prime Minister Hodza and Foreign Minister Krofta. With regard to the question
of national minorities Benes said he was planning to introduce reforms to grant
far-reaching rights but has no intention of making those reforms subject of
272
international agreements. The Czech leaders flatly refused to discuss the
question or boundaries. And when Gratz pointed to Czechoslovakia's difficult
international situation. Benes gave a sarcastic response. saying that "the
Czech people have already spent centuries swallowed up by the Holy Roman Empire
and would survive even more centuries living in the stomach of another German
Empire." (Orszagos Leveltar. Kum.res.pol. 1938-7-1455.)
(250) DGFP Washington, D.C.. LT.S.Govt.Printing Office. 1949. 1964. Series D.
v.1, No.19.
(251) Adam, Magda.A muncheni egyezmeny. op.cit. No.121,152.182.
(252) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. February 23.1938.
(253) ibid February 27.1938.
(254) DGFP. Series D. 11.135.
(255) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. February 11.12.1938.
(256) ibid March 22.1938.
(257) ibid March 30,1938.
(258) ibid March 31.1938.
(259) ibid April 2.1938.
(260) ibid April 7.1938.
(261) DBFP Third Series. 1-IX. London, 1949-1955 1. 114. and Orszagos Leveltar.
Kum.pol. 1938-7/25-897.(1235)
(262) Orszagos Leveltar. Kum.res.pol.k939-7/a-277.
(263) ibid Kum.res.pol. 1938-49-304.
(264) Laffan. R.G.D., Survey of International Affairs, 1938.v.11.London: Oxford
University Press, 1951.95. in Wojatsek. Charles, From Trianon... op.cit.
App.6.
(265) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. April 26.1938.
273
(266) ibid May 11.1938
(267) DBFP Third Series. v.1. Doe .N o.164. 95-96.
(268) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. April 26.27.28.29.30.1938.
In a statement for the MTI Hungarian Telegraphy Agency. Henderson declared: The
main result of my visit is that now I can fully understand and appreciate
Hungary's national efforts and goals. Thinking people everywhere must
understand that permanent peace in Central Europe can be maintained only if we
remedy the wrongs perpetrated by the peace treaties and will not do injustice
to other nations. (Pesti Naplo. April 26.1938.)
(269) ibid May 4.1938.
(270) Orszagos Leveltar, chiffre. 1938.
(271) ibid Kum.pol.1938-7/28-897.
(272) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. May 13.1938.
(273) Orszagos Leveltar. Kum.pol. 1938-7-25-897.
(274) Adam. Magda. A kisantant... op.cit. p.23l and Ciano: Tagebuch
1937/1938.
p.164.
(275) Le Temps. May 16.1938 and Pragai Magyar Hirlap. May 19.1938.
(276) Orszagos Leveltar. Kum.res.pol.1938-7-438 and Hoensch op.cit. p.62.
(277) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. May 21. 1938.
(278) ADAP Serie I) .. Bd.l1. Doc.No.184. 185. pp.246-256.
(279) ADAP. Third Series v.1.. Doc.No.259. pp.338-339.
(280) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. May 22,1938.
(281) ibid May 24.1938.
(282) Orszagos Leveltar. Kum.res.pol. 1938-7-489.
(283) Weltgeschichte der Gegenwart in Dokumenten. pp.59-61
274
(284) Pragai Magyar Hirlap. May 28 and 29,1938.