Karoly Kocsis and Eszter Kocsis-Hodosi : Hungarian Minorities in the Carpathian Basin

UKRAINE

9. Short tour in Transcarpathia (Ung/Uzh - Bereg/Bereg)( 300 km)

CHOP / CSAP (9,600; 39 % Hung.): - important border crossing town and railway junction - "Soviet type" buildings - Roman Catholic church

STRUMKIVKA / SZÜRTE (1,910; 62.8 % Hung.): - Reformed Classicist church - Roman Catholic Gothic church

KOMARIVTSY / PALÁGYKOMORÓC (904; 93.9 % Hung.): - Reformed Gothic church - traditional peasant house

RATIVTSY / RÁT (1,421; 87.3 % Hung.): - Reformed church - Roman Catholic church - Greek Catholic church

UZHHOROD / UNGVÁR-BOZOS: - manor-house

UZHHOROD / UNGVÁR (116,101; 7.9 % Hung.): seat of the Transcarpathian Region and the former Ung county - birthplace of some Hungarian celebrities: Sándor Gorka (1878-1945) biologist, Sándor Mágocsy-Dietz (1855-1945) botanist, Ilka Pálmai (1859-1945) actress - Drugeth-Bercsényi fortress: Regional History and Fine Arts Museum - Skanzen: Open-air Ethnographical Museum - Baroque "Old County Hall" - Greek Catholic Baroque cathedral - Baroque Greek Catholic Bishop Palace /currently: University Library - Drugeth Secondary School (Baroque) /currently: the Faculty of Chemistry of the University - Roman Catholic Baroque parish-church - Classicist "New County Hall" /currently: the seat of several publishing houses, Art Unions, Regional Fine Arts Gallery/ - Synagogue/ currently: Regional Philharmony/ - "Bagolyvár" - the entrance of the Baroque County Court of Justice - Reformed Secessionist church and school - Classicist Post Office, "Lábasház" - plaque and memorial room of the famous Hungarian poet Sándor Petõfi (1823-1849) - State University - the Government Palace /currently: seat of the Regional Executive Committee and the neighboring administrative district /"Galagó"/ - Hotel Zakarpatye - walkway on the bank of the Uzh /Ung river - Bródy villa / currently: Center for Hungarological Studies - Russian church - cemetery (Calvary)

UZHHOROD-RADVANKA / UNGVÁR-RADVÁNC: - Baroque mansion: birthplace of the Hungarian poet István Gyöngyössy (1629 - 1704), plaque

UZHHOROD-HORYANY / UNGVÁR-GERÉNY: - Romanesque Rotunda /round church/ dating from the 12th century, having gothic wall-paintings

NEVITSKE / NEVICKE (1,031; 0 % Hung.): - famous Romanesque-Gothic castle-ruin

CHASLIVTSY / CSÁSZLÓC (776; 67 % Hung.): - Roman Catholic Gothic church - manor (currently boarding school)

VELIKA DOBRON' / NAGYDOBRONY (5,446; 96.4 % Hung.): - Reformed Classicist church - rich Hungarian ethnographical traditions, folk arts - cultivation of paprika - alluvial forest on the shores of Latorica /Latorca river (nature conservation area)

BATOVE / BÁTYÚ (2,900; 81 % Hung.): - railway junction - birthplace of the Hungarian journalist, poet Menyhért Simon (1897-1952) - Reformed Classicist church - Lónyay manor-house (currently: hospital)

KOSINI / MEZÕKASZONY (2,668; 96.2 % Hung.): former district seat - birthplace of some Hungarian celebrities: Mihály Paksi (1681-1744) teacher, physicist, Béla Horthy (1869-1943) painter, sculptor - spa, sanitarium - volcanic cones - viticulture - Reformed Baroque church - Roman Catholic church

DIDOVE / BEREGDÉDA (1,878; 87.9 % Hung.): - Reformed church - traces of a fort dating from the age of the Hungarian Conquest, 9-10th century (Kirva)

BEREHOVE / BEREGSZÁSZ (29,116; 45 - 75 % Hung.): seat of the former Bereg county, currently district seat - birthplace of some Hungarian celebrities: Gizella Drávai (1911-1981) teacher, writer, Sári Fedák (1879-1955) actress, Piroska Reichard (1884-1943) poet, literary translator, Mihály Tamás (1897-1967) architect, writer - Roman Catholic (earlier Dominican) Gothic church - Reformed Classicist church - Baroque "Oroszlán / Lion" Inn - poet Sándor Petõfi plaque - statues of Gyula Illyés and Sándor Petõfi - Lawcourt building - Classicist County Hall (currently: building offices) - Town Bath - Synagogue (currently Cultural House, Theatre) - Secessionist Casino/ currently: the "Golden Peacock" Restaurant - Baroque-Empire Bethlen mansion /currently: vocational secondary school/, in its courtyard granary from the 16th century - Secessionist Schönborn manor-house /currently the seat of the Viticultural State Farm - "Bocskor": Rákóczi's famous vineyard, its press-houses - Kuklya-mine - Derekaszeg-peak: "Chalkhole" - kaolin quarry - porcelain factory

ZMIIVKA / KÍGYÓS (917; 92.4 % Hung.): - Reformed Gothic church, wooden bell-tower (18th century) - ethnographical tradition: homespun of Bereg

MUZHIYEVE / NAGYMUZSALY (2,229; 89.7 % Hung.): - birthplace of the famous Hungarian linguist Pál Beregszászi (1750-1828) - Reformed Gothic church - ruins of a Dominican Gothic church - volcanic mountains with vine cultivation

DOBROSILYA / BENE (1,395; 96.8 % Hung.): - Reformed Romanesque-Gothic church - ruins of a feudal Romanesque castle of Kovászó / Kvasove

VARY / VÁRI (3,276; 91.6 % Hung.): - foundations of the earthen fortress, ancient seat of the medieval Borzsova (later Bereg) county /cemetery/ - Reformed Gothic church - Tamás Esze plaque on the place of the start of the anti-Habsburg, "Kuruts" uprising (21 May, 1703)

KHRABARIV / HALÁBOR (762; 99 % Hung.): - birth and dwelling place of Bertalan Dobos Halábori (15th - 16th century), priest and Bible-translator - Reformed Eclectic wooden-church - cemetery with wooden headborded tombs, with rhymed epitaphs

BODOLIV / BADALÓ (1,555; 77.8 % Hung.): - Reformed church - Sándor Petõfi plaque

BEREHOVE-CHEPIVKA / BEREGSZÁSZ-BEREG(VÉG)ARDÓ: - Reformed Gothic church - Perényi Classicist manor-house - in the cemetery: tombs of martyr Baron Zsigmond Perényi (1783-1849), member of the Hungarian National Defence Committee in 1848 - 1849 and of the linguist Pál Beregszászi Nagy (1750-1828)

HAT' / GÁT (3,012; 93.4 % Hung.): - birthplace of Hungarian poet Vilmos Kovács (1927-1977) - Reformed Classicist-Romantique church

MUKACHEVE / MUNKÁCS (80,000; 8.1 % Hung.): district seat - birthplace of some Hungarian celebrities: Zsófia Báthory (1629-1680) wife of the Transylvanian prince György Rákóczi II., Gyula Csortos (1883-1945) actor, János Dercsényi (1755-1837) mineralogist, Tivadar Lehoczky (1830-1915) archeologist, historian, Gyula Mátrai (1905-1977) architect, Mihály Munkácsy (1844-1900) wold-wide known painter, Ede Neuber (1882-1946) dermatologist, Tivadar Uray (1895-1962) actor - famous fortress /Museum, St. Sophia Chapel/ - neo-Gothic City Hall - Mihály Munkácsy plaque - / Hungarian, today Russian / Theater - Roman Catholic Eclectic-neo-Romanesque church - St.Martin Gothic Chapel /currently: exhibition hall, art gallery/ - Baroque-Empire-Classicist Rákóczi-Schönborn palace /"White House": Rákóczi plaque - Reformed Romantic church - Eclectic former Hungarian gendarme post /currently: police/ - Secessionist "Old Chamber of Commerce" - Vienna style Classicist "Old Secondary School" - Expressionist Jewish Secondary School - Old Latorca Court - City Park /recreation center/ - Kohner manor-house - Greek Catholic Classicist cathedral

MUKACHEVE-PIDMONASTIR / MUNKÁCS-KLASTROMALJA: - Central-Europe's oldest St. Basil Orthodox (Greek Catholic) Baroque cloister /extensive library, Orthodox bishop center, female religious order/

MUKACHEVE-PIDHORYANY / MUNKÁCS-PODHERING, ÕRHEGYALJA: - brewery /19th cent./ - at the base of Mount Szarka: memorial column for the victorious Hungarian battle of 22 April, 1849

CHINADIEVE / BEREGSZENTMIKLÓS (7,000; 0.6 % Hung.): - Late-Gothic Telegdi manor-house - Catholic Gothic church

KARPATY / BEREGVÁR (919; 0 % Hung.): - famous neo-Renaissance sanitarium - hot springs

10. Long tour in Transcarpathia ( 600 km)

CHOP / CSAP: see tour no. 9

VELIKA DOBRON' / NAGYDOBRONY: see tour no. 9

BATOVE / BÁTYU: see tour no. 9

BEREHOVE / BEREGSZÁSZ: see tour no. 9

MUZHIYEVE / NAGYMUZSALY: see tour no. 9

VARY / VÁRI: see tour no.9

CHETOVE / CSETFALVA (825; 98.9 % Hung.): - Reformed popular style church, wooden bell-tower, coffered ceiling

VILOK / TISZAÚJLAK (3,600; 72.2 % Hung.): - important border crossing point - bridge on the Tisza river - Reformed Gothic-Romantic church - Roman Catholic Baroque church - Tamás Esze plaque on the wall of the salt-office - Memorial Column of reigning prince Ferenc Rákóczi II, the leader of the anti-Habsburg Hungarian War of Independence (1703-1711)

BOBOVE-VOVCHANSKE / TISZABÖKÉNY-TISZAFARKASFALVA (2,070; 98 % Hung.): - Reformed popular-Gothic church - open-air ethnographical museum - Classicist Fogarassy manor-house (currently: local History Museum)

PETROVE / TISZAPÉTERFALVA (1,846; 86.7 % Hung.): - agricultural center - birthplace of the Hungarian archivist, literary historian András Komáromy (1881-1931) - Classicist György manor-house /currently: gallery/ - holiday center - Reformed church

YULIVTSY / SZÕLÕSGYULA (1,360; 97 % Hung.): - Reformed Gothic church - Gyula Mt. (nature conservation area, caverns, viticulture)

CHERNOTISIV / FEKETEARDÓ (2,399; 32.7 % Hung.): - Roman Catholic Romanesque-Gothic church - Reformed Romantic church

KOROLEVE / KIRÁLYHÁZA (6,600; 16.7 % Hung.): - birthplace of some Hungarian celebrities: József Csorba (1789-1858) doctor, physicist, Endre Nagy (1877-1938) writer, theater manager, Imre Révész (1859-1945) painter, Ernõ Obermayer (1888-1969) chemical engineer, agriculturist - Roman Catholic Baroque church - Reformed Eclectic church - ruins of the Nyaláb castle (picturesque scenery)

VINOHRADIV / NAGYSZÕLÕS (24,000; 11.5 % Hung.): - seat of the former Ugocsa county, currently district seat - Roman Catholic Romanesque-Gothic church - Franciscan Gothic-Baroque cloister and church - Baroque Perényi palace, on its wall plaque of the martyr Baron Zsigmond Perényi (1783-1849) president of the Hungarian Congress in 1849 - Classicist County Hall - plaque of the world-famous Hungarian composer, Béla Bartók (1881-1945) - Reformed Classicist church - ruins of Fort Kankó (or Ugocsa) - volcanic cone of "Black Mt." /Fekete-hegy, Cherna Hora/ (nature conservation area)

KHUST / HUSZT (30,000; 6.8 % Hung.): - district seat - birthplace of some Hungarian celebrities: István Gáthy (1780-1859) engineer, technical writer, Endre György (1848-1927) economist writer, minister, András Huszti ( ? -1755) jurist, writer, István Huszti (1671-1704) doctor, philosopher, writer, József Illés (1871-1944) legal historian, József Koller (1745-1832) ecclesiastical historian, Ernõ Szép (1894-1953) poet, writer, Baron József Teleki (1738-1796) Lord Lieutenant, "Guardian of the Holy Crown", István Tiszaújhelyi ( ? -1704) the first Hungarian stenographer - Ruins of the castle of Huszt /picturesque scenery/ - Reformed fortified Gothic church - Roman Catholic Baroque church - the only active synagogue in Transcarpathia

VISHKOVE / VISK (8,000; 47 % Hung.): - important Hungarian enclave - birthplace of the Hungarian statistician and geographer István Lassú (1797-1850), of the chief-abbot of Pannonhalma Kálmán Fehér Ipoly (1842-1909) - village architecture of Saxon and Székely origin - Reformed fortified Gothic church: wooden bell - tower - plaque of István Lassú - Saján bath: spa, mineral spring - mercury mine

TYACHIV / TÉCSÕ (11,000; 24.1 % Hung.): district seat - birthplace of some Hungarian celebrities: József Vandrasek (1869-1935) druggist, chemical writer, Simon Hollósi (1857-1918) famous painter /plaque/ - Reformed Gothic church - statue of Lajos Kossuth (1802-1894), publicist, statesman, leader of the Hungarian War of Independence, 1848-1849

SOLOTVINA / AKNASZLATINA (9,300; 30.1 % Hung.): - provincial town character - famous salt mines - asthma-curing calt caverns in the mine "Kunigunda"

RAHIV / RAHÓ (16,600; 8.4 % Hung.): - district seat, tourist center of alpine character - famous "Hutsul" (Ruthenian-Ukrainian) folk art - junction of White and Black Tisza

/Backwards via TYACHIV - KHUST - VINOHRADIV/

VERBOVETS / VERBÕC (1,077; 93 % Hung.): - birthplace of István Werbõczy (1460-1542), author of the code of law "Tripartitum (Hármaskönyv)" published in Vienna, 1517/, the first codified edition of the Hungarian feudal law and order - cemetery

SHALANKI / SALÁNK (3,152; 85.7 % Hung.): - Reformed Gothic church /the place of the last "Kuruts", anti-Habsburg Hungarian Parliament (1711) - Memorial Column of the reigning prince Ferenc Rákóczi II - the alluvial forest of Borzhava/Borzsa stream

BEREHI / NAGYBEREG (2,626; 85.5 % Hung.): - Reformed Gothic church - Hungarian ethnographical-cultural center /homespun textiles of Bereg, needlework exhibition/

HAT' / GÁT: see at tour no. 9

MUKACHEVE / MUNKÁCS: see at tour no. 9

RAKOSHIN / BEREGRÁKOS (5,500; 37 % Hung.): - Hungarian enclave - birthplace of the Hungarian actor, comedian Béla Salamon (1885-1965) - Reformed church

SEREDNE / SZEREDNYE (1,500; 1.6 % Hung.): - one of the oldest wine growing settlement in Transcarpathia - donjon and ruins of a castle (12th cent.) - ruins and foundation of an earthen fort - Rákóczi's vineyard - tomb of the famous Hungarian noble family Dobó (cemetery)

UZHHOROD / UNGVÁR: See tour 9.

Karoly Kocsis and Eszter Kocsis-Hodosi : Hungarian Minorities in the Carpathian Basin